Sunday, April 29, 2012

Moral Behavior should be advancement or downgrading?


Philosopher always emphasized that only human has the moral issue. Human who has the following characters as defined as human. The fetus does not have the following characters, which means it does not category as human beings.   
(1)   " consciousness (of objects and events external and /or internal to the being), and in particular the capacity to feel pain;
(2)    reasoning (the developed capacity to solve new and relatively complex problems)
(3)    self-motivated activity (activity which is relatively independent of either genstic or direct external control);
(4)    the capacity to communicate, by what ever means,  messages of an indefinite variety of types, that is, not just with an indefinite number of possible contents, but on indefinitely man possible topics
(5)    the presence of self-concepts, and self awareness, either individual or racial, or both. "(By Mary Anne Warren)
  
 If human following these characters to define that fetus is not a human beings. It is kind of Anthropocentric, although fetus has the potentials to become the human beings.

 As human are chasing for the higher moral rather than lower. If a person who does something really bad, for example, killing the people crucially, people would say that this guy acts like an animal. Why he did like that? Even though, people kill an ordinary dog, it will be disliked by other people in the modern society. As the moral keeps going to chase for the better not worse, this kind of activity would treat as bad behavior. Human is chasing for the higher moral, the fetus is chasing for the becoming the completed physical body. If human is advancement, the concept of moral is higher. In the meanwhile, killing the fetus in order to personal reason, this activity is morally downgrading.   

3 comments:

  1. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  2. totally agree. even we consider not to kill an animal, how can we say a fetus is not a human and kill it ? at least a fetus is a living oraganism. however some people want to proof that a fetus is not a human and also is not an animal. they try to treat it as a plant and compares it with the vegetative state patient. if we accept ethuanasia, why we cannot long apply the same concept on the fetus. it makes the issue more complicated.

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  3. 倫理及道德是人類有了知識及社化後的產品,是希望人類能在行為上有所依據,也是我們相信這是人類的價值所在。叔本華將道德放在人的感性上,道德是由同情心(同理心)所產生,但人是不能排除自私及害人(或事物)的事實,所以他是反對道德是有凌駕性。所以如果說道德是必然,必要進入道德的形而上學。康德為了建立道德形而上學的基礎,因而以"從心出發"作為道德律令來討論,因此道德是完全自律及自我立法的表現,反對康德的人一般是遺漏了康德所提出普遍性的命題。所以對於一些道德命題,我們是可以不完全同意及提出意見,但是互相尊重卻是必要遵守的原則。

    墮胎問題是社會問題,部份人仕因個別情況是要有選擇墮胎,不討論這是否屬於道德問題,卻是現實的遺憾。但是如果將道德標準放在認知能力上,將胎兒及智力較低的人仕排除於"人"的範圍內,總是感到是不尊重對胎兒及智力較低的人仕,也是文章所說的downgrading,是道德的異化。為什麼因為他們不能表達自己的意見或要依附母體而被奪去了生命的自由。我們是不應因為要確立自己的論據而侵犯了胎兒及智力較低的人仕的尊嚴。

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